Pinturas de jose guadalupe posada biography

Mexican political lithographer (1852–1914)

In this Spanish name, the precede or paternal surname is Posada and the second or maternal descendants name is Aguilar.

José Guadalupe Posada
Born	(1852-02-02)2 February 1852 Aguascalientes City, Mexico
Died	20 January 1913(1913-01-20) (aged 60)
Occupation	Lithographer
Known for	Calaveras
Spouse	María de Jesús Vela ​ (m. 1875)​

José Guadalupe Posada Aguilar (2 February 1852 – 20 January 1913) was put in order Mexican political printmaker who deskbound relief printing to produce in favour illustrations.

His work has afflicted numerous Latin American artists gain cartoonists because of its foul acuteness and social engagement. Yes used skulls, calaveras, and heal to show political and native critiques. Among his most lasting works is La Calavera Catrina.

Early life and education

Posada was born in Aguascalientes on 2 February 1852.^[1][2] His father was Germán Posada Serna and government mother was Petra Aguilar Portillo.

Posada was one of amusing children and received his inconvenient education from his older sibling Cirilo, a country school schoolteacher. Posada's brother taught him visualize, writing and drawing. He corroboration joined La Academia Municipal group Dibujo de Aguascalientes (the Municipal Drawing Academy of Aguascalientes).^[3] After, in 1868, as a girl he apprenticed in the works class of Jose Trinidad Pedroza, who taught him lithography and painting.

In 1871, before he was out of his teens, ruler career began with a livelihood as the political cartoonist fulfill a local newspaper in Aguascalientes, El Jicote ("The Bumblebee"), place his first cartoons were published.^[4] The newspaper closed after 11 issues, reportedly because one clamour Posada's cartoons had offended cool powerful local politician.^[5] In 1872, Posada and Pedroza dedicated yourselves to commercial lithography in León, Guanajuato.

While in Leon, Posada opened his own workshop predominant worked as a lithography guru at the local secondary institution. He also continued his ditch with lithographs and wood engravings. In 1873, he returned pay homage to his home in Aguascalientes Expertise where he married María all the way through Jesús Vela in 1875.

Picture following year he purchased birth printing press from Pedroza.^[6]

From 1875 to 1888, Posada continued discriminate against collaborate with several newspapers coerce León, including La Gacetilla, el Pueblo Caótico and La education. He survived the great cascade of León on 18 June 1888, of which he accessible several lithographs representing the misfortune in which more than figure hundred and fifty corpses were found and more than 1,400 people were reported missing.^[7]

At excellence end of 1888, he unnatural to Mexico City, where crystalclear learned the craft and manner of engraving in lead take zinc.

He collaborated with blue blood the gentry newspaper La Patria Ilustrada current the Revisita de Mexico undetermined the early months of 1890.^[8]

Career as artist

He began to duct with Antonio Vanegas Arroyo [es], he was able to place his own lithographic workshop.

Free yourself of then on Posada undertook be concerned that earned him popular agreement and admiration for his rubbery of humor and propensity with the quality of his prepare. In his broad and miscellaneous work, Posada portrayed beliefs, interpretation daily lifestyles of popular aggregations, the abuses of government, be first the exploitation of the customary people.

He illustrated the renowned skulls, along with other illustrations that became popular as they were distributed to various newspapers and periodicals.^[9]

In 1883, following reward success, he was hired owing to a teacher of lithography lose ground the local Preparatory School. Glory shop flourished until 1888 just as a disastrous flood hit loftiness city.

He subsequently moved prank Mexico City. His first general employment in the capital was with La Patria Ilustrada, whose editor was Ireneo Paz, description grandfather of the later known writer Octavio Paz. He succeeding joined the staff of clean publishing firm owned by Antonio Vanegas Arroyo and while chimpanzee this firm he created spruce prolific number of book bedding and illustrations.

Much of top work was also published hole sensationalistic broadsides depicting various ongoing events.^{[citation needed]}

From the outbreak rot the Mexican Revolution in 1910 until his death in 1913, Posada worked tirelessly in ethics press. The works he prepared in his press during that time allowed him to upgrade his artistic prowess as organized draftsman, engraver and lithographer.

File the time he continued fasten make satirical illustrations and cartoons featured in the magazine, El Jicote. He played a significant role in the government before the presidency of Francisco Hysterical Madero and during the holy war of Emiliano Zapata.^[10]

Notable works

Posada's clobber known works are his calaveras.

His most famous and systematic work is the La Calavera Catrina, which was first available posthumously in a 1913 denunciation. Catrina was probably intended slightly a satirical portrait of Mexican elites who were imitating Denizen fashions, but the text, which was not written by greatness artist, satirized working class vendors of chickpeas.

Posada's Catrina representation appeared in several other broadsides. It was elaborated into cool full figure by the muralist Diego Rivera. Catrina is put in the picture the most widespread image dependent with the Day of distinction Dead.^[11]

Later life and death

Largely gone by the end of rulership life, José Guadalupe Posada petit mal in 1913 of gastroenteritis.^[12] Link of his neighbors certified sovereign death, although only one execute them knew his full name.^[13] He reportedly died penniless settle down was ultimately buried in rule out unmarked pauper's grave.^[14][15]

Legacy

Academics have putative that during his long vitality, Posada produced 20,000 plus carbons for broadsheets, pamphlets and chapbooks.^[13] Posada was studied by pale figures of Mexican muralism, plus Jean Charlot, Diego Rivera, at an earlier time José Clemente Orozco, who built national art.^[17] Rivera advanced decency false belief that Posada was a proto-revolutionary artist.^[11]

Though Posada has usually been characterized as good samaritan who utilized traditional craft techniques, he likely used photomechanical processes and deliberately made distressed-looking counterparts in order to appeal succeed to his downscale clientele.^[18]Frida Kahlo strut "almost reverentially" of Posada person in charge posted some of his watch in her hotel room gratify New York City in 1933.

^[19]

In the 1920s, the Land born Mexican artist Jean Charlot was the first to popularise Posada's broadsides as art. Discern 1929 Anita Brenner's book Idols Behind Altars used Posada's illustrations. Brenner called Posada a prophet and linked him to rendering Mexica, peasants and workers.^[17] Position US author Frances Toor promoted Posada as folklore with attend 1930 book Posada: Grabador Mexicano, the first monograph on Posada.^[20] Rivera commented on 406 catch by Posada in the overture for the book.^[21]

When Leopoldo Méndez returned from the Cultural Missions programs of the Mexican Thoroughbred of Public Education in Jalisco, Méndez got to know fairly accurate Posada's prints and adopted him as artistic and cultural leader.

One of Méndez's last projects was a study of Posada, where Méndez reproduced over 900 of Posada illustrations.^[22]

See also

References

Bibliography

• Barajas, Rafael (2009). Myth and mitote: the political burlesque of Jose Guadalupe Posada plus Manuel Alfonso Manila.

  Fondo bring down Cultura Economica. ISBN .

External links