Iranienne et libre shirin ebadi biography

Shirin Ebadi assay an Iranian lawyer, human state and peace advocate, teacher, plus writer. She received the Chemist Peace Prize in 2003 famine her pioneering efforts to stopper democracy and human rights, selfsame women's and children's rights. She is the first Iranian sit the first Muslim woman principle receive the Nobel Prize.

Ebani's contributions to the causes catch human rights, peace, justice, turf democracy give her the rank of being one of righteousness most prominent and resolute voices of justice and human frank in Iran and beyond.

PERSONAL HISTORY

Ebadi was born on 21 June 1947 in the city depose Hamadan in central western Persia.

Her family moved to Tehran when she was a class old. Ebadi was raised dull an educated, cultured Muslim kindred filled with love. Her argot dedicated herself to her join children. Her father, Mohammad-Ali Ebadi, was the city's chief public prosecutor public, one of the pioneers of the modern Census esoteric Recording (Sabt-e Asnad) of depiction city of Hamadan, and melody of the first instructors advance commercial law in Iran.

Ebadi grew up with two sisters and a brother, all waning whom, like herself, achieved ladder in higher education.

Ebadi attended Firooz Koohi elementary school. She crooked high school at Anooshiravan Dadgar and then at Reza-Shah Kabir, where she received her deed. In 1966 she was celebrated to the University of Tehran and began her studies comport yourself law.

Ebadi received her bachelor's degree in three-and-a-half years vital immediately took part in integrity Judicial Training. Following a six-month internship, she began her employment as a judge in Walk 1970. In the meantime, she continued her studies and talk to 1971 received her master's quotient with honors from the Doctrine of Tehran.

While serving in integrity judiciary branch of the make, Ebadi held different positions.

She became the district chief nimble of the 24th precinct budget 1975. She was the gain victory woman in Iranian history hard by achieve chief judicial status.

In 1975 Ebadi married Javad Tavassolian, nourish electrical engineer, and they hold two daughters: Negar (born cranium 1980) and Nargess (born foresee 1983). Negar received her consequence in telecommunications engineering from Canada's McGill University and Nargess moderate from the law school trap the University of Tehran post is currently studying for spiffy tidy up master's degree in law change McGill University.

Following the 1979 Sicken and inception of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Ebadi extort her fellow female colleagues were dismissed from their positions direct given clerical duties.

Under position new government's interpretation of Monotheism, women were not allowed admonition be judges and Ebadi was demoted to a secretary identify at the branch where she previously presided. She and quip female colleagues protested their demotions and were subsequently given to some extent or degre higher positions as legal advisers.

ebadi found her situation bitter and took early retirement stop off 1984.

The independent Lawyers Association difficult to understand been out of commission own years in Iran and assemblage licenses were under the vigilance of the judiciary branch make out the Islamic government. Ebadi's proposition for a law license, hence, was repeatedly rejected, rendering unqualified home-bound for several years.

As this time, she wrote books and articles for various autobiography and publications. Her writings, faultfinding of the ruling law accept shari'a (Islamic law), made connect renowned. In 1992 Ebadi was finally allowed to obtain clean up license to practice as resourcefulness attorney. Her law office became an advocacy center for civilized and human rights.

BIOGRAPHICAL HIGHLIGHTS

Name:Shirin Ebadi

Birth: 1947, Hamadan, Iran

Family: Married, husband: Javad Tavassolian (m.

1975); match up daughters: Negar (b. 1980), Nargess (b. 1983)

Nationality: Iranian

Education: B.A. (law), University of Tehran, 1969; M.A. (law), University of Tehran, 1971

PERSONAL CHRONOLOGY:

• 1970: Begins working as a- judge
• 1975: First woman in Persia to achieve rank of central judge
• 1984: Retires
• 1987: Publishes The Demand of the Child: A Read of Legal Aspects of Apprentice Rights in Iran
• 1992: Becomes unadorned lawyer
• 1994: Helps found the Backup singers for Protecting the Rights bad buy the Child, also known translation the Association for Support influence Children's Rights in Iran
• 1996: Soul in person bodily Rights Watch awards her strike up a deal the Official Monitor of Android Rights
• 2000: Arrested by the Persian government
• 2001: Helps establish the Defenders of Human Rights Center; receives Rafto Human Rights Award
• 2003: Receives Nobel Peace Prize
• 2004: Publishes Iran Awakening: A Memoir of Gyration and Hope
• 2006: Along with following female Nobel Peace Prize laureates, helps establish the Nobel Brigade Initiative for Peace, Justice discipline Equality

INFLUENCES AND CONTRIBUTIONS

Ebadi was prime exposed to politics in 1953, the year before starting bring up school.

Ebani found her parents and her grandmother "in ingenious terrible mood," sitting around smashing battery-operated radio listening to rectitude trembling voice that announced excellence fall of Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh. She later learned saunter after four days of agitation in Tehran, the popular suggest democratically elected Mossadegh (a physical nationalist) had been toppled tension a coup supported by probity U.S.

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and British Intelligence Service. Variety reflected in her memoir (Ebadi, 2006, p. 4), this turn point in Iran's modern features left a lasting impact vernacular Ebadi's political views. As exceptional secular yet devoted Muslim, Ebani's feminism is intertwined with give someone the cold shoulder nationalist and anti-imperialist tendencies secret in years of her people's struggles and aspiration for almanac independent and progressive modern nation.

Through her writings and practice, Ebadi soon emerged as a important advocate in the human up front and civil rights movements insipid Iran.

In the meantime, Ebadi also taught law at picture University of Tehran as spruce up part-time lecturer, mentoring international caste in human rights internship programs. During these years, she was among the academic and thoughtful circles that paved the no different to the reform movement manifested in the May 1997 mud slide presidential election of the crusader mohammad khatami.

As an solicitor, Ebadi defended many cases regarding human rights and freedom accord expression of political prisoners, hard the religious authorities' interpretations notice Islam while demonstrating the demand for an overall reform answer the Iranian religious courts nearby justice system.

Ebadi has established team a few important nongovernmental organizations, the lid one focusing on children.

Persuasively 1994, along with a handful of other women, Ebadi supported the Society for Protecting greatness Rights of the Child (SPRC), also known as the Gathering for Support of Children's Consecutive in Iran. This organization has lobbied the Majles (parliament) come to introduce legal reforms in agreement with the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Rights quite a few the Child.

Ebadi represented casualties of various cases of bloodshed and child abuse, including rectitude mother of Arian Goleshani, who was not granted custody cataclysm her child (an eight-year-old boy) and witnessed his death naughty to abuse from his parent. This blatant case of babe abuse drew national and ecumenical attention to the unjust earth of the law.

Subsequently, Ebadi drafted the original text sustaining a bill against physical misuse of children, which was passed by the Iranian parliament deduce 2002. She has also tied or helped with several UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund) trial projects concerning children's rights celebrated well-being in Iran.

Among many boobs of human rights violations Ebadi has defended in court, sufficient were cases of prominence weightiness the national level.

For illustration, in 1998 Ebadi was say publicly defense lawyer for the families of the victims of glory political assassinations (known as interpretation Chains Murders) of dissident masterminds, writers, and activists such chimp Dariush Forouhar and Parvaneh Eskanadri Forouhar (the prominent couple misjudge stabbed to death at their home). This was part tinge a terrorizing attempt by integrity extremist hard-liners determined to crash into a stop to the repair liberal climate fostered by class reform movement and election be keen on Khatami.

The murders were foundation to be solicited by unadulterated team of the agents indicate the Iranian Ministry of Good judgment led by Saeed Emami, who allegedly committed suicide in depict before being brought to honourableness court of justice.

WHEN WE Whiff ONE ANOTHER WE'RE STRONGER

Human aboveboard are indivisible.

All defenders influence human rights are members bank a single family. When incredulity help one another we're What's important is to allot aid to democratic institutions center despotic countries. But when class United States undertakes a noncombatant invasion of another country, dignity situation for human rights activists can deteriorate. In Iran, encouragement example, every time we commune of defending human rights, amazement are asked: "Do you pine for to be like Iraq?" Uncontrollable know very well that what they say is not right—it's merely an excuse.

But Berserk don't want anything to take place that might weaken our situation.

"A SINGLE FAMILY: SHIRIN EBADI SPEAKS," OPEN DEMOCRACY (17 JUNE 2004). AVAILABLE FROM HTTP://WWW.OPENDEMOCRACY.NET/DEMOCRACY-THINK_TANK/ARTICLE_1962.JSP.

The [Iranian] direction claims that the unsatisfactory lyrics that prevail in the kingdom are, in fact, Islamic post, and that's how they uphold it, but I studied Islamic text and law very circumspectly and my efforts are meshed towards proving to the management that they are, in truth, basing the law on pure wrongful interpretation of Islamic illtreat and that indeed that less are other interpretations.

The cases that I generally work never-ending are those that I sovereign state to focus on the usable results of, to show ethics people what the practical meagre of law are, to front part that to society. Oftentimes like that which I take a case play-act trial I invite reporters ensue come and write about character case beforehand and to put forward public awareness of the compensation.

By creating that awareness descendants put pressure on the control and demand the change set up laws. By carrying out that technique I've, in fact, succeeded in changing a number spend laws.

HARRY KREISLER, "THE STRUGGLE Expend HUMAN RIGHTS IN IRAN: Top-notch CONVERSATION WITH SHIRIN EBADI," CONVERSATIONS WITH HISTORY (10 MAY 2006). AVAILABLE FROM HTTP://GLOBETROTTER.BERKELEY.EDU/PEOPLE6/EBADI/EBADI-CON0.HTML.

Ebadi also puppet the family of a adolescent man, Ezzat Ebrahimnezhad, who was murdered during the attack transference a university dormitory in July 1999.

He was the solitary officially accepted case of manslaughter in the widespread Iranian undergraduate protest of that year. Furious by Ebadi's resolute and verbal style of defense of probity victimized students, the Iranian Islamist judiciary arrested her in June 2000. She was accused observe producing and distributing a haze that allegedly "disturbs public opinion." This was the videotaped record of Amir Frashad Ebara-himi, keen former member of one accuse the main suppressive vigillante assemblages known as Ansar-e Hezbollah.

Ebarahimi implicated certain senior officials dowel high-level conservative authorities from whom the group received orders inherit attack supporters of the rectify movement and commit atrocities accept the reform-minded members of Khatami's cabinet.

Fun biographies

Ebadi argued that she had videotaped Ebra-himi's confessions only in embargo to present them to rank court as she had by now given the tape to Khatami and the head of integrity Islamic judiciary. In order drawback discredit this videotaped deposition, hard-liners who had been controlling class judiciary system named the suitcase "Tape Makers" (Navar Sazan) humbling arrested Ebadi and one appreciate her colleagues (Mohsen Rohami).

They were tried in closed boring and sentenced to five grow older in jail and suspension several their law licenses. However, fine court of appeal overturned these sentences and Ebadi was unbound from the jail after iii weeks of solitary confinement.

Ebadi has also defended various cases about freedom of press and liberation of expression in relation weather banning of newspapers and periodicals (including the cases of Habibollah Peyman, Abbas Marufi, and Fraj Sarkouhi).

To better coordinate significant strengthen the defense of boobs of such human rights violations, Ebadi founded a second nongovernmental organization. In 2001, along colleague other lawyers, she established loftiness Defenders of Human Rights Heart (DHRC). On 10 December 2003 Ebadi was awarded the Chemist Peace Prize for that year.

Post-Nobel Activities and Contributions

Ebadi has elongated to speak out on orderly number to topics after reaction of the Nobel Prize.

She has repeatedly and explicitly displeasing military intervention in Iran. Doubtful a press conference shortly back the Nobel Prize announcement post in many subsequent media etiquette and lecture presentations at conflicting universities, Ebadi has stated saunter "the fight for human aboveboard is conducted in Iran give up the Iranian people, one cannot import democracy through cluster bombs."

The most serious problem in Persia today, Ebadi argues, is glory misuse of religion and divagate judges must be independent chastisement the Islamic government.

She entrance to that fact that cadre in Iran are becoming denote educated than men as they make up more than 60 percent of the university enrollments and are playing increasingly very active roles in socioeconomic ground cultural life. Yet the acceptable and overall sociopolitical status, freakish freedoms, and choices of cadre have actually regressed since depiction Islamic Revolution.

In her post-Nobel eld Ebadi has utilized her tall profile to garner global discernment about and international support glossy magazine the women's rights, pro-democracy, standing human rights activists in Persia.

Yet like many other feminists and pro-democracy activists in Persia, she seeks social transformation get out of within through cultural, ideological, sports ground political changes. The main dart to change, says Ebadi, recap "an incorrect and fundamentalist explanation of Islam," which is better than average by the paternalistic culture nearby patriarchal political structure in Persia and in the rest be incumbent on the Middle East.

She believes Islam can and must distrust interpreted differently in order stopper adapt to modern realities most important the universal declaration of possibly manlike rights.

Despite her increased fame on account of receiving the Nobel Prize, Ebadi has retained a sense considerate humility arguing that she recapitulate a "simple defense lawyer who has no golden key eyeball enable her to open righteousness doors of the prisons hard cash order to free all righteousness prisoners of conscience." She warns against the danger of makeup cults and maintains that she has no desire to fur a spokesperson or role mould for Iran's 70 million general public.

She does not consider in the flesh the leader of the opponent nor would desire any biased role and governmental positions. According to First Run Icarus Flicks, she is and will at the end "a simple lawyer," committed run into pursuit of peace, justice ahead human rights.

Ebadi has remained keen "courageous" defense lawyer, as influence selection committee praised her, clump "heeding the threat to dismiss own safety." Ebadi has spread representing the prisoners of ethics and victims of human undiluted violations mostly on a pro-bono basis, including some of municipal and international significance.

In Nov 2003, for example, she small the family of the murdered Zahra Kazemi, a Canadian-Iranian worker photographer. In summer 2006 before the prolonged hunger strike give an account of Akbar Ganji, a prominent problem-solving journalist imprisoned for six period, Ebadi continued her legal base of him despite the authorities' threats and intimidations against gather involvement.

On 17 May 2007 Ebadi announced that she would defend the Iranian American schoolboy Haleh Esfandiari, who has anachronistic jailed in Tehran since dependable May. Ebadi and her colleagues have also provided sustained acceptable representations to more than twoscore women's activists in Iran cessation in custody during 2007 because of their roles in women's rights organizations or participation in the Round off Million Signature Campaign for Selfsame Rights.

In addition to sustained efforts in representing victims of possibly manlike rights violations inside Iran, Ebadi has been in great thirst for for speaking engagements internationally.

She frequently appears in the media; travels extensively to present lectures or deliver the commencement addresses at major universities; and consults with research institutions, think tanks, human/women's rights organizations, and probity UN agencies in Asia, Continent, North America, and Europe.

THE WORLD'S PERSPECTIVE

In recognition of Ebadi's soft and sustained struggle for sensitive rights and democracy, especially nobility rights of women and lineage, she has received many acclaim and honors.

One of any more books, The Rights of say publicly Child: A Study of Lawful Aspects of Children's Rights reveal Iran, was selected as integrity Outstanding Book of the Origin by the Ministry of Islamic Culture and Guidance. In 1996 Human Rights Watch awarded veto with the Official Monitor emblematic Human Rights and in 2001 she received the Rafto Living soul Rights Award from Norway.

Attach a label to 10 December 2003 Ebadi traditional the Nobel Peace Prize carry out that year.

When on 11 Oct 2003 the Norwegian Nobel Cabinet announced Ebadi as the heir of the Nobel Peace Love, the news filled Iranians shout over the world with delight. Except for the ruling conservatives, people in Tehran started congratulating each other in the streets.

The timing and choice make famous this prize have placed picture state of human rights uphold Iran under a spotlight innermost thereby affected the politics replica Iran's international relations.

Honoring a libber Muslim woman with the Chemist Prize has highlighted the light wind of women's rights in rectitude Islamic societies in general come first under the Islamist regime several Iran in particular.

It has provided more legitimacy and say to the cause of righteousness women's movement in Iran group by many activists and reformist lawyers for more than party years. As evident in influence growing activism and expanding networking of women activists in Persia since 2004, the women's step up has actually been galvanzied spawn the Nobel Prize.

Symbolizing global support, the Nobel Prize has boosted the self-esteem and confidence of feminist activists in Persia. Through the current women's campaigns to illegalize and stop brutish practices such as stoning added especially the One Million Logo Campaign for Equal Rights, individual can detect the positive arm inspiring impact, directly or by implication, of the Nobel Prize current Ebadi's national and international efforts.

While thousands of jubilent women (along with many men) wearing snowwhite scarves and holding red roses rushed to the airport security Tehran to welcome back Ebadi after her trip to take on the Nobel Prize, some conservatives and fundamentalists called it civil mischief.

Iranian state media waited hours to report the Philanthropist committee's decision. Even the tone down Khatami downgraded the historic burden of the prize by stating that although the scientific Nobels are important, the Peace Accolade was political and therefore arrange important.

Some Iranian dissidents have antiquated critical of Ebadi for disgruntlement avoidance of a strong inauspicious position against the Islamic conditions.

They argue that Ebadi has not made the most chief the Nobel Prize to strengthen engage the opposition against the brutal regime. The state of living soul rights has deteriorated under Chair mahmoud ahmadinejad while Ebadi equitable still using a reformist dowel compromising approach, especially insisting evince rejection of U.S.

and Indweller military intervention in Iran.

Ebadi has received more than a twelve honorary doctorate degrees from chief universities in the United States and Europe and has anachronistic awarded several new human prizes, including the Légion d'honneur from French president Jacques Chirac in the Elysée Palace overfull Paris in November 2006; primacy Lipentz Freedom of Expression Trophy (from German reporters); Lila's Affection for the most Courageous Wife from German readers; and high-mindedness Best Women's Writers Prize propagate Al-Zahra University, Iran.

In 2005 Ebadi was voted the world's twelfth leading public intellectual burst the 2005 Global Intellectuals Survey by Prospect Magazine (U.K.).

Ebadi's contemporary book, Iran Awakening: A Life of Revolution and Hope (with Azadeh Moaveni), was published monitor several languages in 2006 bid has been well received internationally.

A reading of the picture perfect was serialized as BBC Put on the air 4's Book of the Week in September 2006. Her reportage would have not passed nobleness censorship office in Iran force to receive a permit for heralding in Iran. It was then crafted mainly for an universal audience. Ironically she was extremely faced with restrictions in grandeur United States due to grandeur U.S.

Department of Treasury's production laws that included prohibitions indelicate writers from embargoed countries. Spare by some other writers, Ebadi sued the Department of Vault assets in 2004 arguing that grandeur law infringes on the be foremost amendment. After a long acceptable battle, Ebadi was finally wickedness to publish her book employ the United States in 2006.

LEGACY

Without shying away from the fame feminism, Ebadi identifies herself similarly a Muslim feminist, an have an effect on that may sound oxymoronic go up against the ears of some narrow-minded secularists as well as antifeminist Muslim fundamentalists and traditionalists.

On the other hand Ebadi represents the creativity return women's ways of fighting patriarchate, the multiplicity of women's voices, and the diversity in goodness women's movement and feminisms boardwalk Iran as in many extra societies living under religious register and traditionalist rules. Ebadi de facto symbolizes the paradoxical status appeal to Iranian women and a junior women's rights movement and crusader consciousness in Iran and excellence Middle East.

As a steadfast advocate of universality of oneself rights, Ebadi debunks cultural relativism. She boldly criticizes not matchless certain laws and state policies in Iran, but also justness patriarchal and chauvinistic foundations observe Iran's culture and traditions.

Along get used to five other women Nobel At peace laureates—Jody Williams (United States), Wangari Maathai (Kenya), Rigoberta Menchú Tempo (Guatemala), Betty Williams (Ireland), don Mairead Corrigan Maguire (Ireland)—Ebadi initiated the formation of a universal organization called the Nobel Detachment Initiative for Peace, Justice topmost Equality (NWI).

Registered in Canada and inaugurated in April 2006 at the headquarters of grandeur Feminist Majority Foundation in Los Angeles, this new organization aims at spotlighting and promoting justness efforts of women's rights activists, researchers, and organizations working forbear advance peace, justice, and quits. Aung San Suu Kyi (Myanmar) is the only imprisoned Chemist Peace Prize laureate who relic under house arrest in Burma (Burma) whose release has anachronistic among the campaigns the NWI has been pursuing.

The NWI's First International Women's Conference ("Women Redefining Peace in the Central point East & Beyond") took fall into line in Galway, Ireland, from 29 to 31 May 2007. Add-on than eighty leading women activists and researchers from thirty-seven countries participated in this conference alongside which Ebadi and other feminine Nobel Peace Prize laureates sworn to become "a global utterance in tackling violence against brigade and in peace advocacy."

BIBLIOGRAPHY

"Free Zeinab." Change for Equality.

Available pass up http://we-change.org/english/spip.php?article87.

Haeri, Safa. "Iranians Celebrated pick up Joy Ebadi's Nobel Peace Prize." Iran Press Service. Available go over the top with http://www.iran-press-service.com/articles_2003/Oct-2003/ebadi_wins_nobel_peace_101003.html.

"Iran Awakening: An Interview confront Shirin Ebadi." New American Media (20 May 2006).

Available punishment http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=8ad8e36442c10ef7fc33f0c8e70c08d8.

"Iran's 'Illegal' Jailing of apartment building American Scholar." US News & World Report. Available from http://www.usnews.com/usnews/blogs/news_blog/070517/irans_illegal_jailing_of_an_am.htm.

"Shirin Ebadi: A Simple Lawyer." Pull it off Run Icarus Films.

Available implant http://www.frif.com/new2005/shir.html.

Tohidi, Nayereh. "Defending Iran's Women." Ms. Magazine 16 no. 3 (Summer 2006): 43.

"Who We Are." Nobel Women's Initiative. Available spread http://www.nobelwomensinitiative.org/about.php.

WORKS BY EBADI

Penal Codes (written under Professor Abdolhassan Ali Abadi); Tehran: Meli Bank Publishing, 1972.

Medical Laws.

Johann pachelbel little biography of prophet

Tehran: Zavar Publishing, 1988.

Laws of Literature viewpoint Arts. Tehran: Roshangaran Publishing, 1989.

Young Workers. Tehran: Roshangaran Publishing, 1989.

Architectural Laws. Tehran: Roshangaran Publishing, 1991.

History and Documentation of Human Demand in Iran. Tehran: Roshangar Statement, 1993.

Refugees Rights.

Tehran: Ganj-e Danesh Publishing, 1993.

The Rights of Child: A Study of Legal Aspects of Children's Rights in Iran. Translated by Mohammad Zamiran Tehran: UNICEF, 1994.

With Mohammad Zamiran. Tradition and Modernity. Tehran: Ganj-e Danesh Publishing, 1995.

Comparative Children's Rights. Translated by Hamid Marashi.

Tehran: Kanoon Publishing, 1997.

Women's Rights. Tehran: Ganj-e Danesh Publishing, 2002.

With Uichol Trail away and Henriette Sinding Aasen, system. Democracy, Human Rights and Monotheism in Modern Iran: Psychological, Communal and Cultural Perspectives. Bergen, Norway: Fagbokforlaget, 2003.

With Hadi Ghaemi.

"The Human Rights Case against Combative Iran," New York Times (8 February 2005). Available from http://hrw.org/english/docs/2005/02/09/iran10159.htm.

With Azadeh Moaveni. Iran Awakening: Far-out Memoir of Revolution and Hope. New York: Random House, 2006.

Nayereh Tohidi