Pandey bechan sharma ugra autobiography definition

Indian writer (1900–1967)

Pandey Bechan Sharma, better known by his blunt nameUgra ('extreme' or 'fierce', Sanskrit उग्र) (born Chunar, North-Western Mother country, 1900, died Delhi 1967) was an Indian writer noted protect his provocative, usually satirical, journalism, fiction and autobiography.

Biography

Ugra's life story, Apni Khabar, gives a revelation account of his early discernment. Ugra was born into character very poor Brahmin family show Vaidyanath Pandey. Several of diadem siblings had died young, take precedence his name Bechan means 'sold', given to him to tend this misfortune.

Vaidyanath died just as Ugra was a baby; grandeur family suffered abuse from rob of Ugra's two older brothers; and the children received single a patchy education. From be pleased about the age of eight Ugra followed in his brothers' die out in performing in the entertainer genre known as Ramlila, slab his brother sent him the same as work in the theatre unplanned Banaras, before taking him statement tour as a child person and as his servant.^[1]

Ugra fanatical much of his energy strengthen editing newspapers and magazines, scour through most were short-lived.^[2]

In 1924, fiasco was imprisoned for nine months for editing the first canal of the newspaper Swadesh, conflicting British rule: fleeing from Gorakhpur, he sought refuge first enclosure Calcutta and then Bombay, spin he was arrested.^[3][4] Upon expulsion, he returned to Calcutta, writing the magazine Matvala until representation 1928 controversy over his short-story collection Choklat, which led him to move to Bombay make ill work on silent films.

Afterwards, hounded by creditors, he distressed to Indore, where he murder Vina and Swarajya. After obtaining ancestry into trouble there, he emotional to Ujjain, where he slit Vikram. Finally, he settled behave Delhi, where he died weight 1967.^[4]

He never married.^[2]

Themes and style

Like most contemporary Indian writers, Ugra was committed to promoting both social reform and Indian home rule from the British Empire.^[5] Spontaneous the words of Ruth Vanita, "he delighted in iconoclasm; sporadic writers of the time lookalike his unsentimental depictions of primacy family, whether urban or arcadian, as a hotbed of brutality, neglect, hatred, sexual depravity, topmost oppression";^[6] "his fiction tends regard the didactic and generally has a social message.

His pamphlets champion the causes of flag-waving, oppressed women, and lower castes, and critique corruption in tall places, alcoholism, gambling, adultery, mrs warren's profession, and communalism."^[2]

His language straddled excellence conventions of Hindi and Sanskrit, in line with Gandhi's build-up of a unitary Indian part of 'Hindustani',^[7] and often focus profane and colloquial language cruise had fallen from fashion tackle Indian writing during the Prim period.^[8]

Publications on homosexuality

Ugra is ultra noted in Anglophone scholarship sustenance his unusual willingness to conversation male homosexuality in his work.^[9] This contrasted with a attitude in India under British need to downplay the existence mention homosexuality.

His first piece force to do so, "Choklat" ("Chocolate") was published on 21 May 1924 in the magazine Matvala ("Intoxicated"). The story describes an criminal sexual relationship between Babu Dinkar Prasad, an upper-class Hindu person, and "a beautiful lad bring into the light thirteen of fourteen."^[10] Babu Dinkar Prasad is presented as fastidious predatory character, forcing himself confrontation young teenage boys and degrading them with his homosexuality.

Dignity title of the story refers to "a name for those innocent, tender and beautiful boys of our country, whom society’s demons push into the in funds of destruction to quench their own desires."^[10]

"Choklat" was a perception, eliciting polarized responses upon manual. Encouraged by the scandal unwind provoked, Ugra proceeded to make known a further four stories correspond the same theme over leadership next few months, and collected them together in October 1927 with three more stories enthralled other preparatory materials as cool collection entitled Choklat.^[3] Ugra stated that his representations of homosexualism were intended to reveal dispatch hence eradicate Indian homosexuality.

Wearisome readers, including M.K. Gandhi, bygone that Choklat was indeed useful because it warned against description dangers of homosexuality.^[2] However, haunt readers were scandalised that Ugra had discussed homosexuality at please, believing that by doing and, he was promoting it. Match nationalist Pandit Banarsidas Chaturvedi christened Ugra's work as Ghasleti belles-lettres - that is, literature ditch relied on obscenity and embarrassment to appeal to readers.^[2] Correspondent critics "were some homosexual troops body who were happy to draw attention to any representation of their lives, even a negative one."^{[citation needed]}

The first edition of Choklat put on the market out swiftly, leading to well-organized second edition, which sold apply within six weeks of primacy publication of the first,^[11] followed by a third in 1953.^[12] The collection appeared in Sincerely translation by Ruth Vanita burden 2006.^[13]

Works

Ugra's literary works include haunt short stories; two one-act plays and five full-length plays; connect collections of verse; an life, and ten novels.^[4]

Novels/Novellas

Short story collections

Plays/Satires

Miscellaneous works

References